The COMPRO Common Component Architecture stores the material data in XML files. These files can be edited by any text or XML editor, but for the most part, users should not be required to change anything in these files. However, in case some tweaking of the data is required, this section describes the XML format of the data files.
The CCA data files describe materials. As such, the file must start with the material element:
<material unique_name="unique_name" general_name="general_name" display_name="display_name" type="fibre|matrix|composite" last_update="date" ... last_update_by="person" comments="some comments"> ... </material>
| Attribute | Required? | Description |
|---|---|---|
| unique_name | Required | The unique name should be the same as the filename, and for traceability, unique. For AS4 fibre, this might be “AS4-2005-04-07”. |
| general_name | Optional | This is a generic name for the material. For AS4 fibre, this might be “AS4 fibre”. |
| display_name | Optional | In the future, CCA components will be built to handle the data files and avoid manual editing of the XML. In these future components, the material will be displayed by its display_name. |
| type | Required | This attribute tells the CCA components what type of material the file describes. The type must be one of “fibre”, “matrix”, or “composite”. |
| last_update | Optional | For traceability, the last date the file was updated. |
| last_update_by | Optional | For traceability, the name of the person last to update the file. |
| comments | Optional | Short comments related to the material. |
After specifying the material element and its attributes, the remaining elements and attributes depend on the type of material being specified. For fibre and matrix material types, the elements consist of particular material properties, and parameters used in the models that describe the material properties. These elements are of the general form (note that the material_property label is generic; actual material property elements are density, cure_shrinkage, etc.):
<material_property model="default" number_of_parameters= "8"> <parameter name="Nominal_density" parameter_number="1" units="kg/m3" value="1000." /> <parameter name="Factor1" parameter_number="2" units="none" value="0.3" /> ... <parameter name="Factor7" parameter_number="8" units="none" value="0.123" /> </material_property>
Material_property element
| Attribute | Required? | Description |
|---|---|---|
| model | Required | Either the name or the number of the material property model. May also be “none”, depending on the material property. See the COMPRO Common Component Architecture Model Reference for details. |
| number_of_parameters | Optional | The total number of parameters associated with this material model. Note that this must be specified if the model name is something other than “none”. |
parameter element
| Attribute | Required? | Description |
|---|---|---|
| name | Required | The name of the parameter, for reference. This should match the same name given in the COMPRO Common Component Architecture Model Reference. |
| parameter_number | Required | The number associated with the parameter name. |
| units | Required | The units for the value specified. See the COMPRO Common Component Architecture Model Reference for unit specification examples. |
| value | Required | The value of the parameter |
Some material properties are at the composite level rather than the constituent level. The “composite” material element may have a number of material_property and parameter elements.
Composite material types contain all the information for creating a composite from its constituents. This means specifying the constituents, the micromechanics model, and some lamina properties. The elements are described below:
At the moment, two constituents should be specified, both a fibre and a matrix, otherwise the micromechanics models will behave unpredictably. The volume fraction of each should be specified, and the total volume faction should sum to 1.0. The name of the constituent must match the unique name of the desired constituent.
The micromechanics model must be specified. The default model is the same as the Bogetti and Gillespie model.
This element is a generic container for several lamina-level properties. It has no data and no attributes, but must be present. Within the lamina_properties element, the following material properties must be specified (with models, or “none” as the model name) according to the material_property template described above:
<LumpedDensity ... > <LumpedCp ... > <LumpedK ... > <LumpedCTE ... > <permeability ... > <fibre_bed_compaction ... >
An example type="composite" data file follows:
<material unique_name="as4-3501-6-2005-04-06" general_name="as4/3501-6"
display_name="AS4/3501-6 Prepreg" type="composite" last_update="2005-04-06"
last_update_by="AMF" comments="Initial assembly of AS4/3501-6 in the CCA XML
data structure.">
<constituent volume_fraction="0.558" type="fibre">as4-2005-04-05 </constituent>
<constituent volume_fraction="0.442" type="matrix">3501-6-2005-04-05 </constituent>
<micromechanics model="default" />
<lamina_properties>
<LumpedDensity model="none" />
<LumpedCp model="none" />
<LumpedK model="none" />
<LumpedCTE model="default" number_of_parameters="8">
<parameter name="NomCTE11" parameter_number="1" units="m/(m K)" value="0.000" />
<parameter name="CTE11TF" parameter_number="2" units="m/(m K2)" value="2.000E-09" />
<parameter name="CTE11AF" parameter_number="3" units="1/K" value="0.00" />
<parameter name="NomCTE22" parameter_number="4" units="m/(m K)" value="2.250E-05" />
<parameter name="CTE22TF" parameter_number="5" units="m/(m K2)" value="2.500E-08" />
<parameter name="CTE22AF" parameter_number="6" units="1/K" value="-3.500E-06" />
<parameter name="CTET0" parameter_number="7" units="C" value="20.00" />
<parameter name="CTEAL0" parameter_number="8" units="none" value="0.000" />
</LumpedCTE>
<permeability model="4" number_of_parameters="4">
<parameter name="Rf" parameter_number="1" units="m" value="4.0000E-06" />
<parameter name="Va" parameter_number="2" units="none" value="8.100E-01" />
<parameter name="kx" parameter_number="3" units="none" value="0.7" />
<parameter name="kz" parameter_number="4" units="none" value="0.2" />
</permeability>
<fibre_bed_compaction model="2" number_of_parameters="4">
<parameter name="E1" parameter_number="1" units="Pa" value="2.00E+11" />
<parameter name="G13" parameter_number="2" units="Pa" value="5.000E+07" />
<parameter name="E3T" parameter_number="3" units="Pa" value="1.000E+06" />
<parameter name="Theta" parameter_number="4" units="rad" value="0.0" />
<table col1="EPS3" units1="none" col2="SIG3" units2="Pa">
<datarow col1= "0.000E+00" col2= "0.000E+00" />
<datarow col1="-3.500E-02" col2="-7.295E+04" />
<datarow col1="-5.240E-02" col2="-1.930E+05" />
<datarow col1="-7.930E-02" col2="-4.560E+05" />
<datarow col1="-1.006E-01" col2="-9.130E+05" />
<datarow col1="-1.181E-01" col2="-2.000E+06" />
<datarow col1="-2.000E-01" col2="-7.000E+06" />
<datarow col1="-5.000E-01" col2="-25.70E+06" />
</table>
</fibre_bed_compaction>
</lamina_properties>
</material>
The “fibre” material elements contain only material_property elements. These elements follow the material_property template discussed above. The material models for the fibre type are:
<density ... > <specific_heat ... > <conductivity ... > <cte ... > <elastic_properties ... >
An example type="fibre" data file follows:
<material unique_name="as4-2004-12-03" general_name="as4" display_name="AS4 Fibre" type="fibre">
<density model="default" number_of_parameters="3">
<parameter name="NominalDensity" parameter_number="1" units="kg/m3" value="1.790E+03" />
<parameter name="T0" parameter_number="2" units="C" value="20." />
<parameter name="Tf" parameter_number="3" units="kg/(m3 K)" value="0." />
</density>
<specific_heat model="default" number_of_parameters="3">
<parameter name="NominalCp" parameter_number="1" units="J/(kg K)" value="750." />
<parameter name="T0" parameter_number="2" units="C" value="0." />
<parameter name="Tf" parameter_number="3" units="J/(kg K2)" value="2.05" />
</specific_heat>
<conductivity model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter name="NominalKt" parameter_number="1" units="W/(m K)" value="7.69" />
<parameter name="NominalKl" parameter_number="2" units="W/(m K)" value="2.4" />
<parameter name="T0" parameter_number="3" units="C" value="0." />
<parameter name="Tft" parameter_number="4" units="W/(m K2)" value="1.560E-02" />
<parameter name="Tfl" parameter_number="5" units="W/(m K2)" value="5.070E-02" />
</conductivity>
<cte model="cte1" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter name="NominalCTEt" parameter_number="1" units="m/(m K)" value="-3.6E-07" />
<parameter name="NominalCTEl" parameter_number="2" units="m/(m K)" value="4.83E-06" />
<parameter name="T0" parameter_number="3" units="C" value="20." />
<parameter name="Tft" parameter_number="4" units="m/(m K2)" value="0." />
<parameter name="Tfl" parameter_number="5" units="m/(m K2)" value="0." />
</cte>
<elastic_properties model="default" number_of_parameters="15">
<parameter name="E11" parameter_number="1" units="Pa" value="2.100E+11" />
<parameter name="E11_refT" parameter_number="2" units="C" value="0" />
<parameter name="E11_Tf" parameter_number="3" units="Pa/C" value="0" />
<parameter name="E33" parameter_number="4" units="Pa" value="1.724E+10" />
<parameter name="E33_refT" parameter_number="5" units="C" value="0" />
<parameter name="E33_Tf" parameter_number="6" units="Pa/C" value="0" />
<parameter name="G13" parameter_number="7" units="Pa" value="2.760E+10" />
<parameter name="G13_refT" parameter_number="8" units="C" value="0" />
<parameter name="G13_Tf" parameter_number="9" units="Pa/C" value="0" />
<parameter name="nu13" parameter_number="10" units="Pa" value="0.2" />
<parameter name="nu13_refT" parameter_number="11" units="C" value="0" />
<parameter name="nu13_Tf" parameter_number="12" units="Pa/C" value="0" />
<parameter name="nu23" parameter_number="13" units="Pa" value="0.25" />
<parameter name="nu23_refT" parameter_number="14" units="C" value="0" />
<parameter name="nu23_Tf" parameter_number="15" units="Pa/C" value="0" />
</elastic_properties>
</material>
The “matrix” material elements contain only material_property elements. These elements follow the material_property template discussed above. The material models for the matrix type are:
<cure_kinetics ... > <modulus_development ... > <poisons_ratio ... > <cure_shrinkage ... > <density ... > <viscosity ... > <specific_heat ... > <conductivity ... >
An example type="matrix" data file follows:
<material unique_name="3501-6-2005-04-05" general_name="3501-6" display_name="3501-6 Resin"
type="matrix">
<cure_kinetics model="ck1" number_of_parameters="9">
<parameter name="HeatOfReaction" parameter_number="1" units="J/kg" value="4.740E+05" />
<parameter name="A1" parameter_number="2" units="1/s" value="3.503E+07" />
<parameter name="DELE1" parameter_number="3" units="J/mol" value="8.070E+04" />
<parameter name="A2" parameter_number="4" units="1/s" value="-3.357E+07" />
<parameter name="DELE2" parameter_number="5" units="J/mol" value="7.780E+04" />
<parameter name="A3" parameter_number="6" units="1/s" value="3.267E+03" />
<parameter name="DELE3" parameter_number="7" units="J/mol" value="5.660E+04" />
<parameter name="BB" parameter_number="8" units="none" value="0.4700" />
<parameter name="AlphaC" parameter_number="9" units="none" value="0.3000" />
</cure_kinetics>
<modulus_development model="rm1" number_of_parameters="7">
<parameter name="Er0" parameter_number="1" units="Pa" value="3.500E+06" />
<parameter name="Erinf" parameter_number="2" units="Pa" value="3.500E+09" />
<parameter name="Gamma" parameter_number="3" units="none" value="0.0" />
<parameter name="Alpha1" parameter_number="4" units="none" value="0.3500" />
<parameter name="Alpha2" parameter_number="5" units="none" value="1.0000" />
<parameter name="TZero" parameter_number="6" units="C" value="0.0" />
<parameter name="TFact" parameter_number="7" units="1/C" value="0.0" />
</modulus_development>
<poissons_ratio model="pr1" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter name="NuR0" parameter_number="1" units="none" value="0.37" />
<parameter name="ANuR" parameter_number="2" units="none" value="0.00" />
<parameter name="NuRT0" parameter_number="3" units="C" value="0.00" />
<parameter name="BNuR" parameter_number="4" units="none" value="0.00" />
<parameter name="NuRA1" parameter_number="5" units="none" value="0.00" />
</poissons_ratio>
<cure_shrinkage model="cs1" number_of_parameters="4">
<parameter name="VSHI" parameter_number="1" units="none" value="0.03" />
<parameter name="ALC1" parameter_number="2" units="none" value="0.0000" />
<parameter name="ALC2" parameter_number="3" units="none" value="0.5000" />
<parameter name="ASH" parameter_number="4" units="none" value="0.03" />
</cure_shrinkage>
<density model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter name="NominalDensity" parameter_number="1" units="kg/m3" value="1.300E+03" />
<parameter name="T0" parameter_number="2" units="C" value="20." />
<parameter name="Tf" parameter_number="3" units="kg/(m3 K)" value="0." />
<parameter name="a0" parameter_number="4" units="none" value="0." />
<parameter name="af" parameter_number="5" units="kg/m3" value="0." />
</density>
<viscosity model="1" number_of_parameters="4">
<parameter name="GelDegreeOfCure" parameter_number="1" units="none" value="0.25" />
<parameter name="MuInf" parameter_number="2" units="Pa s" value="4.600E-17" />
<parameter name="U" parameter_number="3" units="J/mol" value="1.145E+05" />
<parameter name="K" parameter_number="4" units="none" value="1.4580E+01" />
</viscosity>
<specific_heat model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter name="NominalCp" parameter_number="1" units="J/(kg K)" value="1260." />
<parameter name="T0" parameter_number="2" units="C" value="20." />
<parameter name="Tf" parameter_number="3" units="J/(kg K2)" value="0.0" />
<parameter name="a0" parameter_number="4" units="none" value="0." />
<parameter name="af" parameter_number="5" units="J/(kg K)" value="0.0" />
</specific_heat>
<conductivity model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter name="NominalK" parameter_number="1" units="W/(m K)" value="0.167" />
<parameter name="T0" parameter_number="2" units="C" value="20." />
<parameter name="Tf" parameter_number="3" units="W/m K2)" value="0.0" />
<parameter name="a0" parameter_number="4" units="none" value="0.0" />
<parameter name="af" parameter_number="5" units="W/(m K)" value="0.0" />
</conductivity>
</material>
In order to use a material with CCA, a set of data files must be created for that material. This example demonstrates how to generate the data files for a simple tooling material (7075-T6 Aluminum). This material has no cure behaviour, which simplifies the data files required. Note that all references to “CCA” in this document include RAVEN, since RAVEN uses CCA for its material property calculations.
Before creating the data files, the properties of the material must be obtained. This data can often be found in material datasheets, but the data for this example was taken from a textbook[1]. In the case that the data is unavailable, experiments may be necessary, or approximate values can be used from similar materials. Be aware that any approximate values used can impact the resulting analyses to varying degrees.
| [1] | Callister, W. D., 2000, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
All CCA material data is stored in XML files. Chapter 4 provides an overview of XML files, and Chapter 5 describes the format used for composite, fibre, and matrix material files for CCA. Although simple materials such as breathers aren’t composites made up of a fibre and matrix, it is necessary to include all three data files for each material. For simple materials such as this, the matrix is used to represent the material, while the fibre is a placeholder, and the composite is given a fibre volume fraction of 0.
Every material has two components: resin and fibres. Material filenames for composite and each of its component should follow these conventions:
- Resin: {Resin Name}-v{version number}.xml (e.g. TORAY2510-v1.xml)
- Fibre: {Fibre Name}-v{version number}.xml (e.g. AS4-v1.xml)
- Composite: {ResinName}-{FibreName}-{type}-v{version number}.xml (e.g. TORAY2510-AS4-Fabric-v1.xml)
Where types are:
- Tape
- Fabric
- PW (for plain weave fabric)
- other standard weave abbreviations
- NeatResin
For example:
- 3501-6-v1.xml
- AS4-v4.xml
- 3501-6-AS4-Fabric-v1.xml
Also:
- Resin and fibre names should be written in upper case letters. (e.g. TORAY2510.xml)
- The descriptors should be written as one word in title case format. (e.g. NeatResin)
- NullFibre-v1.xml file is a dummy fibre file used when the fibre volume fraction is zero (i.e. for neat resins). The fibre name appears as “Null” in the material file name: e.g. TORAY2510-Null-NeatResin.xml
Although simple materials don’t exhibit cure advancement, and the property variation associated with that, cure-related material_property elements are still necessary in the material data file, but will be defined to provide constant values. The models required in this case are:
- conductivity
- cte
- cure_kinetics
- density
- modulus_development
- poissons_ratio
- specific_heat
- cure_shrinkage
- viscosity
In keeping with XML standards, an XML declaration is required in the material file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
Each material file should have a header. The header includes general Convergent contact information, information about the models included, the developer that produced the data, and the most recent date that each model has been modified. The following template should be used for the header of each material file:
<!-- ================================================================ --> <!-- Convergent Common Component Architecture (CCA) for COMPRO/Raven --> <!-- --> <!-- Convergent Manufacturing Technologies Inc. --> <!-- 6190 Agronomy Road, Suite 403 --> <!-- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada --> <!-- support@convergent.ca or www.convergent.ca --> <!-- --> <!-- (c)2008 Convergent Manufacturing Technologies, Inc --> <!-- All rights reserved. --> <!-- ================================================================ --> <!-- --> <!-- Models Developer Date --> <!-- ... ... ... --> <!-- --> <!-- --> <!-- Comments: --> <!-- --> <!-- --> <!-- --> <!-- ================================================================ --> <!-- RELEASE/PERMISSIONS --> <!-- Release: Open --> <!-- Internal: Open --> <!-- Customer: N/A --> <!-- --> <!-- ================================================================ -->
The basis of the data is a root XML material element, which defines some general attributes of the material, such as material type and the various material names:
<material type="matrix" unique_name="Aluminum-7075-T6-v1" display_name="Aluminum-7075-T6" general_name="Aluminum-7075-T6-v1"> ... </material>
Next, an element is added for each model used by the material (as listed above).
The conductivity of this material is a constant 130 W/(m K). There is no constant value model for conductivity, but the default model can be provided with values which prevent any variation with temperature or degree of cure:
<conductivity model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter units="W/(m K)" parameter_number="1" name="NominalK" value="130"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="2" name="T0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="W/(m K)" parameter_number="3" name="Tf" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="a0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="af" value="0"/>
</conductivity>
The CTE of this material is a constant 2.34E-05 1/K:
<cte model="cte1" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter units="1/K" parameter_number="1" name="NominalCTE" value="2.340E-05"/>
<parameter units="1/K2" parameter_number="2" name="aCTEr" value="0"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="3" name="T0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="1/K" parameter_number="4" name="bCTEr" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="a0" value="0"/>
</cte>
Although this material doesn’t cure, a cure kinetics model with a minimum degree of cure of 1 is included:
<cure_kinetics model="ck1" number_of_parameters="9">
<parameter units="J/kg" parameter_number="1" name="HeatOfReaction" value="1"/>
<parameter units="1/s" parameter_number="2" name="A1" value="0"/>
<parameter units="J/mol" parameter_number="3" name="DELE1" value="0"/>
<parameter units="1/s" parameter_number="4" name="A2" value="0"/>
<parameter units="J/mol" parameter_number="5" name="DELE2" value="0"/>
<parameter units="1/s" parameter_number="6" name="A3" value="0"/>
<parameter units="J/mol" parameter_number="7" name="DELE3" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="8" name="BB" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="9" name="AlphaC" value="0"/>
<constraint variable="doc" value="1.0" isMinimum="True" severity_model="1"
initial_severity="100.0" severity_parameters="0.0;100.0;" />
</cure_kinetics>
Finally, a constant density of 2.80E+03 kg/m3 can be defined in a similar way:
<density model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter units="kg/m3" parameter_number="1" name="NominalDensity" value="2.80E+03"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="2" name="T0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="kg/(m3 K)" parameter_number="3" name="Tf" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="a0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="af" value="0"/>
</density>
The modulus of 71GPa is also set:
<modulus_development model="rm1" number_of_parameters="7">
<parameter units="Pa" parameter_number="1" name="Er0" value="7.100E+10"/>
<parameter units="Pa" parameter_number="2" name="Erinf" value="7.100E+10"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="3" name="Gamma" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="Alpha1" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="Alpha2" value="1"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="6" name="TZero" value="0"/>
<parameter units="1/K" parameter_number="7" name="TFact" value="0"/>
</modulus_development>
Poisson’s Ratio Model 2 provides a single-value model using a constant bulk modulus:
<poissons_ratio model="pr2" number_of_parameters="1">
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="1" name="NuInf" value="0.33"/>
</poissons_ratio>
As with conductivity, a constant value of specific heat (9.60E+02 J/(kg K)) can be defined using the default model with appropriate constants:
<specific_heat model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter units="J/(kg K)" parameter_number="1" name="NominalCp" value="9.60E+02"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="2" name="T0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="J/(kg K)" parameter_number="3" name="Tf" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="a0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="af" value="0"/>
</specific_heat>
Since no cure occurs, no cure shrinkage constants are needed:
<cure_shrinkage model="cs1" number_of_parameters="4">
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="1" name="VSHI" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="2" name="ALC1" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="3" name="ALC2" value="1"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="ASH" value="0"/>
</cure_shrinkage>
Once again, setting some of the model constants allows a varying model to be used for a constant viscosity. As this material is a solid, a large viscosity value of 1E+13 is used:
<viscosity model="default" number_of_parameters="4">
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="1" name="GelDegreeOfCure" value="0.5"/>
<parameter units="unknown" parameter_number="2" name="MuInf" value="1E+13"/>
<parameter units="unknown" parameter_number="3" name="U" value="0"/>
<parameter units="unknown" parameter_number="4" name="K" value="0"/>
</viscosity>
The entire matrix data file is as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<!-- Convergent Common Component Architecture (CCA) for COMPRO/Raven -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Convergent Manufacturing Technologies Inc. -->
<!-- 6190 Agronomy Road, Suite 403 -->
<!-- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada -->
<!-- support@convergent.ca or www.convergent.ca -->
<!-- -->
<!-- (c)2008 Convergent Manufacturing Technologies, Inc -->
<!-- All rights reserved. -->
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Models Developer Date -->
<!-- ... ... ... -->
<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Comments: Aluminum 7075-T6 using properties taken from -->
<!-- Callister, W.D., 2000, Materials Science and -->
<!-- Engineering: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons -->
<!-- Inc. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<!-- RELEASE/PERMISSIONS -->
<!-- Release: Open -->
<!-- Internal: Open -->
<!-- Customer: N/A -->
<!-- -->
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<material type="matrix" unique_name="Aluminum-7075-T6-v1"
display_name="Aluminum-7075-T6" general_name="Aluminum-7075-T6-v1">
<conductivity model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter units="W/(m K)" parameter_number="1" name="NominalK" value="130"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="2" name="T0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="W/(m K)" parameter_number="3" name="Tf" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="a0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="af" value="0"/>
</conductivity>
<cte model="cte1" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter units="1/K" parameter_number="1" name="NominalCTE" value="2.340E-05"/>
<parameter units="1/K2" parameter_number="2" name="aCTEr" value="0"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="3" name="T0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="1/K" parameter_number="4" name="bCTEr" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="a0" value="0"/>
</cte>
<cure_kinetics model="ck1" number_of_parameters="9">
<parameter units="J/kg" parameter_number="1" name="HeatOfReaction" value="1"/>
<parameter units="1/s" parameter_number="2" name="A1" value="0"/>
<parameter units="J/mol" parameter_number="3" name="DELE1" value="0"/>
<parameter units="1/s" parameter_number="4" name="A2" value="0"/>
<parameter units="J/mol" parameter_number="5" name="DELE2" value="0"/>
<parameter units="1/s" parameter_number="6" name="A3" value="0"/>
<parameter units="J/mol" parameter_number="7" name="DELE3" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="8" name="BB" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="9" name="AlphaC" value="0"/>
<constraint variable="doc" value="1.0" isMinimum="True" severity_model="1"
initial_severity="100.0" severity_parameters="0.0;100.0;" />
</cure_kinetics>
<density model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter units="kg/m3" parameter_number="1" name="NominalDensity" value="2.80E+03"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="2" name="T0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="kg/(m3 K)" parameter_number="3" name="Tf" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="a0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="af" value="0"/>
</density>
<modulus_development model="rm1" number_of_parameters="7">
<parameter units="Pa" parameter_number="1" name="Er0" value="7.100E+10"/>
<parameter units="Pa" parameter_number="2" name="Erinf" value="7.100E+10"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="3" name="Gamma" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="Alpha1" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="Alpha2" value="1"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="6" name="TZero" value="0"/>
<parameter units="1/K" parameter_number="7" name="TFact" value="0"/>
</modulus_development>
<poissons_ratio model="pr2" number_of_parameters="1">
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="1" name="NuInf" value="0.33"/>
</poissons_ratio>
<specific_heat model="default" number_of_parameters="5">
<parameter units="J/(kg K)" parameter_number="1" name="NominalCp" value="9.60E+02"/>
<parameter units="C" parameter_number="2" name="T0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="J/(kg K)" parameter_number="3" name="Tf" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="a0" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="5" name="af" value="0"/>
</specific_heat>
<cure_shrinkage model="cs1" number_of_parameters="4">
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="1" name="VSHI" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="2" name="ALC1" value="0"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="3" name="ALC2" value="1"/>
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="4" name="ASH" value="0"/>
</cure_shrinkage>
<viscosity model="default" number_of_parameters="4">
<parameter units="none" parameter_number="1" name="GelDegreeOfCure" value="0.5"/>
<parameter units="unknown" parameter_number="2" name="MuInf" value="1E+13"/>
<parameter units="unknown" parameter_number="3" name="U" value="0"/>
<parameter units="unknown" parameter_number="4" name="K" value="0"/>
</viscosity>
</material>
Although the fibre constituent will be given a volume fraction of 0, it is still necessary to define a material. A general-purpose null fibre material is included with CCA, called NullFibre-v1.xml, which will be used for this example.
Now that the matrix and placeholder fibre materials are defined, a composite data file is required to represent the combined constituents. As described earlier, a fibre volume fraction of 0 will be used. As with the other data files, an XML declaration and file header (not shown), as well as a material root XML element are required:
<material type="composite" unique_name="TOOLING-Aluminum-7075-T6-Null-v1" display_name="Tooling: Aluminum-7075-T6" general_name="TOOLING-Aluminum-7075-T6-Null-v1"> ... </material>
Each constituent is then described using a constituent element, with attributes for the volumn fraction and type. The content of this element is the unique_name of the constituent material data file:
<constituent volume_fraction="0" type="fibre">NullFibre-v1</constituent> <constituent volume_fraction="1" type="matrix">Aluminum-7075-T6-v1</constituent>
Finally, a property_mask element is included to tell CCA which properties this material can output. This mask is used both for data generation, as well as by RAVEN to selectively display/hide certain materials which are unsuitable for certain analyses. The mask is a 32-bit number with different properties enabled by their corresponding bits. The processing mask bits are:
| Bit | Property |
|---|---|
| 0 | Degree of Cure |
| 1 | Cure Rate |
| 2 | Tg |
| 3 | Resin Modulus |
| 4 | Resin Poisson’s Ratio |
| 5 | Resin Instant CS Factor |
| 6 | Resin Instant CTE |
| 7 | Resin Viscosity |
| 8 | Resin Density |
| 9 | Resin Heat Capacity |
| 10 | Ply Modulus (L) |
| 11 | Ply Modulus (T) |
| 12 | Ply Poisson’s Ratio (L-T) |
| 13 | Ply Shear Modulus (L-T) |
| 14 | Ply Effective CS Factor (L) |
| 15 | Ply Effective CS Factor (T) |
| 16 | Ply Effective CTE (L) |
| 17 | Ply Effective CTE (T) |
| 18 | Ply Density |
| 19 | Ply Heat Capacity |
| 20 | Ply Conductivity (L) |
| 21 | Ply Conductivity (T) |
| 22 | Ply Permeability (L) |
| 23 | Ply Permeability (T) |
| 24 | Ply Modulus (TT) |
| 25 | Ply Poisson’s Ratio (L-TT) |
| 26 | Ply Poisson’s Ratio (T-TT) |
| 27 | Ply Shear Modulus (L-TT) |
| 28 | Ply Shear Modulus (T-TT) |
| 29 | Ply Effective CS Factor (TT) |
| 30 | Ply Effective CTE (TT) |
| 31 | Ply Conductivity (TT) |
For example, if a mask including Degree of Cure, Cure Rate and Resin Viscosity was required, the value would be 20+21+27=131. A suitable mask for Aluminum 7075-T6, for use in all CCA analyses, would be:
<property_mask mask="16777208"/>
The completed composite data file is as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<!-- Convergent Common Component Architecture (CCA) for COMPRO/Raven -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Convergent Manufacturing Technologies Inc. -->
<!-- 6190 Agronomy Road, Suite 403 -->
<!-- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada -->
<!-- support@convergent.ca or www.convergent.ca -->
<!-- -->
<!-- (c)2008 Convergent Manufacturing Technologies, Inc -->
<!-- All rights reserved. -->
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Models Developer Date -->
<!-- ... ... ... -->
<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Comments: Aluminum 7075-T6 using properties taken from -->
<!-- Callister, W.D., 2000, Materials Science and -->
<!-- Engineering: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons -->
<!-- Inc. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<!-- RELEASE/PERMISSIONS -->
<!-- Release: Open -->
<!-- Internal: Open -->
<!-- Customer: N/A -->
<!-- -->
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<material type="composite" unique_name="TOOLING-Aluminum-7075-T6-Null-v1"
display_name="Tooling: Aluminum-7075-T6" general_name="TOOLING-Aluminum-7075-T6-Null-v1">
<comments/>
<constituent volume_fraction="0" type="fibre">NullFibre-v1</constituent>
<constituent volume_fraction="1" type="matrix">Aluminum-7075-T6-v1</constituent>
<property_mask mask="16777208"/>
</material>